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or to various union activities financed by the compulsory service fees. custom name new york mets baseball shirt Because Erie and the Union were at a lawful impasse on at least the critical issue of union security from March 31

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The union in Knox had proposed and implemented a special fee to fund political advocacy before providing formal notice with an opportunity for non-union employees to opt out. custom name new york mets baseball shirt Five Justices characterized agency shop arrangements in the public sector as constitutionally problematic in the first place, and, then, charged that requiring non-union members to affirmatively opt out of contributing to political activities was “a remarkable boon for unions.” Continuing to call opt-out arrangements impingements on the First Amendment rights of non-union members, the majority more specifically held that the Constitution required that separate notices be sent out for special political assessments that allowed nonunion employees to opt in rather than requiring them to opt out. Two concurring Justices, echoed by the dissenters,

heavily criticized the majority for reaching “significant constitutional issues not contained in the questions presented, briefed, or argued.” Rather, the concurrence more narrowly found that unions may not collect special political assessments from non-union members who earlier objected to non-chargeable (i.e., political) expenses, and could only collect from non-objecting nonmembers after giving notice and an opportunity to opt out. The State of Michigan has enacted legislation authorizing a system for union representation of local governmental employees. A union and a local government employer are specifically permitted to agree to an “agency shop” arrangement, whereby every employee represented by a union even though not a union member must pay to the union, as a condition of employment, a service fee equal in amount to union dues. The issue before us is whether this arrangement violates the constitutional rights of government employees who object to public-sector unions as such