come up with the resources to mount the legal challenge in a timely fashion,” Knox, 567 U. S., at custom name oakland athletics baseball shirt (slip op, at 19) , and litigating such cases is expensive. Because of the open-ended nature of the Lehnert test,
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Finally, the employees argue that CWA’s objection procedure violates its duty of fair representation by requiring them to object within a limited “window period” custom name oakland athletics baseball shirt each year and to renew their objections annually. As did the district court and other courts considering similar union procedures,11 we find neither procedure unduly burdensome. Regarding the window period, “he union, as well as the employees, have an interest in the prompt resolution of obligations and disputes. The … window facilitates prompt resolution and leaves no doubt as to the timing of the requirement for making an objection.” Kidwell v. Transportation Communications Int’l Union, 731 F.Supp. 192, 205 (D.Md.1990),
aff’d in part and rev’d in part on other grounds, 946 F.2d 283 (4th Cir.1991), cert. denied, 503 U.S. 1005, 112 S.Ct. 1760, 118 L.Ed.2d 423 .12 Similarly, the annual renewal requirement is permissible in light of the Supreme Court’s instruction that “dissent is not to be presumed—it must affirmatively be made known to the union by the dissenting employee.” Street, 367 U.S. at 774, 81 S.Ct. at 1803. “e do not consider unreasonable the provision that each member be required to object each year so long as the union continues to disclose what it must before objections are required to be made.” Tierney v. City of Toledo, 824 F.2d 1497, 1506 (6th Cir.1987). Abood likewise did not foresee the practical problems that would face objecting nonmembers. Employees who suspect that a union has improperly put certain expenses in the “germane” category must bear a heavy burden if they wish to challenge the union’s actions. “he onus is on the employees to
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