can be enabled by an increase of adaptation and mitigation investments, policy instruments, the acceleration o Todd anthony shaw too short rapper hawaiian shirt technological innovation and behaviour changes . Information about the net impacts of mitigation on sustainable development in . pathways is available
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climate at a rate that is too fast for living things to adapt to. Pathways that are consistent with sustainable development show fewer mitigation and adaptation challenges and are associated with lower mitigation costs. The large majority of modelling studies could not construct pathways characterized by lack of international cooperation, inequality and poverty that were able to limit global warming to .. A mix of adaptation and mitigation options to limit global warming to ., implemented in a participatory and integrated manner, can enable rapid, systemic transitions in urban and rural areas . These are most effective when aligned with economic and sustainable development, and when local and regional governments and decision makers are supported by Todd anthony shaw too short rapper hawaiian shirt national governments . Pathways limiting global warming to . with no or limited overshoot would require rapid and far-reaching transitions in energy, land, urban and infrastructure , and industrial systems . These systems transitions are unprecedented in terms of scale, but not necessarily in terms of speed, and imply deep emissions reductions in all sectors, a wide portfolio of mitigation options and a significant upscaling of investments in those options . Any increase in global warming is projected to affect human health, with primarily negative consequences . Lower risks are projected at . than at for heat-related morbidity and mortality and for ozone-related mortality if emissions needed for ozone formation remain high . Urban heat islands often amplify the impacts of heatwaves in cities .
Risks from some vector-borne diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever, are projected to increase with warming from . to , including potential shifts in their geographic range . Populations at disproportionately higher risk of adverse consequences with global warming of . and beyond include disadvantaged and vulnerable populations, some indigenous peoples, and local communities dependent on agricultural or coastal livelihoods . Regions at disproportionately higher risk include Arctic ecosystems, dryland regions, small island developing states, and Least Developed Countries . Poverty and disadvantage are expected to increase in some populations as global warming increases; limiting global warming to ., compared with , could reduce the number of people both exposed to climate-related risks and susceptible to poverty by up to several hundred million by . B… The level of ocean acidification due to increasing CO concentrations associated with global warming of . is projected to amplify the adverse effects of warming, and even further at , impacting the growth, development, calcification, survival, and thus abundance of a broad range of species, for example, from algae to fish . Evidence from attributed changes in some climate and weather extremes for a global warming of about . supports the assessment that an additional . of warming compared to present is associated with further detec changes in these extremes . Several regional changes in climate are assessed to occur with global warming up to . compared to pre-industrial levels, including warming of extreme temperatures in many regions , increases in frequency, intensity, andor amount of heavy precipitation in several regions , and an increase in intensity or frequency of droughts in some regions . States have the obligation to mitigate the harmful effects of climate change by taking the most ambitious measures possible to prevent or reduce greenhouse emissions within the shortest possible time-frame. While wealthy states need to lead the way, both internally and through international cooperation, all countries must take all reasonable steps to reduce emissions to the full extent of their abilities. Sustainable development supports, and often enables, the fundamental societal and systems transitions and transformations that help limit global warming to .. Such changes facilitate the pursuit of climate-resilient development pathways that achieve ambitious mitigation and adaptation in conjunction with poverty eradication and efforts to reduce inequalities . Global model pathways limiting global warming to . are projected to involve the annual average investment needs in the energy system of around . trillion USD between and , representing about . of the world GDP . Limiting the risks from global warming of . in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication implies system transitions that
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