Trends in intensity and frequency of some climate and weather extremes have been detected over time spans during which about . of global warming occurred . This assessment is based on several lines of evidence, Star wars come to the dark side we have beer hawaiian shirt including attribution studies for changes in extremes since . increases in global emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. to
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only for a limited number of SDGs and mitigation options. Only a limited number of studies have assessed the benefits of avoided climate change impacts of . pathways for the SDGs, and the co-effects of adaptation for mitigation and the SDGs. The assessment of the indicative mitigation potentials in ure SPM. is a step further from AR towards a more comprehensive and integrated assessment in the future. D Mitigation and adaptation consistent with limiting global warming to . are underpinned by enabling conditions, assessed in this Report across the geophysical, environmental-ecological, technological, economi socio-cultural and institutional Star wars come to the dark side we have beer hawaiian shirt dimensions of feasibility. Strengthened multilevel governance, institutional capacity, policy instruments, technological innovation and transfer and mobilization of finance, and changes in human behaviour and lifestyles are enabling conditions that enhance the feasibility of mitigation and adaptation options for .-consistent systems transitions. of policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy use. Reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to zero by at the latest. Richer countries should do this faster. By , global emissions must be half as much as they were in . There is growing evidence that major fossil fuel companies have known for decades about the harmful effects of burning fossil fuels and have attempted to suppress that information and block efforts to tackle climate change. Businesses also have a responsibility to respect human rights. To meet this responsibility, companies must assess the potential effects of their activities on human rights and put in place measures to prevent negative impacts. They must make such findings and any prevention measures public. Companies must also take measures to remedy human rights abuses they cause or to which they contribute, either by themselves or in cooperation with other actors. Such responsibilities extend to human rights harms resulting from climate change. States must also take all necessary steps to help everyone within their jurisdiction to adapt to the foreseeable and unavoidable effects of climate change, thus minimizing the impact of climate change on their human rights. This is true irrespective of whether the state is responsible for those effects, because states have an obligation to protect people from harms caused by third parties. In , nations signed an international treaty, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change . They have held meetings annually ever since called “Conference of the Parties” or COP, with the aim of developing goals and methods to reduce climate change as well as adapt to its already visible effects. Today, countries are bound by the UNFCCC. D… Mitigation consistent with . pathways creates risks for sustainable development in regions with high dependency on fossil fuels for revenue and employment generation . Policies that promote diversification of the economy and the energy sector can address the associated challenges .
Pathways that overshoot . of global warming rely on CDR exceeding residual CO emissions later in the century to return to below . by , with larger overshoots requiring greater amounts of CDR ure SPM.b . Limitations on the speed, scale, and societal acceptability of CDR deployment hence determine the ability to return global warming to below . following an overshoot. Carbon cycle and climate system understanding is still limited about the effectiveness of net negative emissions to reduce temperatures after they peak . B… Exposure to multiple and compound climate-related risks increases between . and of global warming, with greater proportions of people both so exposed and susceptible to poverty in Africa and Asia . For global warming from . to , risks across energy, food, and water sectors could overlap spatially and temporally, creating new and exacerbating current hazards, exposures, and vulnerabilities that could affect increasing numbers of people and regions . A… Future climate-related risks depend on the rate, peak and duration of warming. In the aggregate, they are larger if global warming exceeds . before returning to that level by than if global warming gradually stabilizes at ., especially if the peak temperature is high , about . Some impacts may be long-lasting or irreversible, such as the loss of some ecosystems .
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