later— is that of the capabilities and inclinations of citizens who have been denied access to, lilo and stitch ohana means family crocband clog or chosen to reject, those opportunities for engagement, however well-intentioned
lilo and stitch ohana means family crocband clog
galvanised public concern about who really exercises control over our individual and collective lives, about the role of citizens in influencing policies, and about what citizens and governments might do together lilo and stitch ohana means family crocband clog to regain the ability to secure the policies and outcomes that they prefer. Much of the literature surrounding NPM invoked entrepreneurialism, a focus on outputs and metrics, responsiveness to clients and the cutting of red tape. Significantly, the model tended to characterise members of the public, in their relationship to governments and public service agencies, as ‘customers’ or ‘consumers’, whose service demands were to be met and whose policy preferences were to be satisfied. In 1976, the Royal Commission on Australian Government Administration chaired by
HC Coombs produced a landmark report that promoted whole-of-government approaches across the public service and sought to give citizens ‘a greater sense of being in touch with the decision-makers’. The report sparked a change in the culture and operations of the APS leading to ‘a wave of reform which surfaced in the early 1980s’ and persisted through the 1990s. This reform process—experienced in several democratic polities in the Anglo-tradition and usually designated New Public Management —encouraged, among other things, the application of private sector management practices to public service. It stressed ‘the importance of the three Es – economy, efficiency and effectiveness’. Broadly speaking, the question is not so much whether pressures for citizen engagement in policymaking and service design will intensify, but rather how far politicians and ministers will be willing to risk real engagement, and how successful public servants will be in enabling it to happen. Mirroring this question—and an issue considered briefly
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