on AgMIP Global Economic Model analysis. Projected change in land-use by by land type and SSP. Projected changes in average champion kobe bryant and michael jordan signature shirt world prices by for cereals and animal sourced foods by SSP. Percentage change by in the global population at risk of hunger by SSP.
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management, and better feeding practices for animals. Agroforestry also is a supply-side mitigation practice. Improving efficiency in supply chains is a supply-side mitigation measure. There is now extensive literature on the relationship between food products and emissions, although the focus of the studies has been on high-income countries. Godfray updated Nelson , a previous systematic review of the literature on environmental impacts associated with food, and concluded that higher consumption of animal-based foods was associated with higher estimated environmental impacts, whereas increased consumption of plant-based foods was champion kobe bryant and michael jordan signature shirt associated with estimated lower environmental impact. Assessment of individual foods within these broader categories showed that meat sometimes specified as ruminant meat was consistently identified as the single food with the greatest impact on the environment, most often in terms of GHG emissions andor land use per unit commodity. Similar hierarchies, linked to well-known energy losses along trophic chains, from roots to beef were found in another recent review focussing exclusively on GHG emissions Clune , and one on life-cycle assessments .
Poore and Nemecek amassed an extensive database that specifies both the hierarchy of emissions intensities and the variance with the production context . To facilitate the scaling up of adaptation throughout the food system, institutional measures are needed at global, regional, national, and local levels Section .. Institutional aspects, including policies and laws, depend on scale and context. International institutions are driving many aspects of global food systems . Many others operate at local level and strongly influence livelihoods and markets of smallholder farmers. Hence, differentiation in the roles of the organisations, their missions and outcomes related to food and climate change action need to be clearly mapped and understood. Storage. Storage refers to both structures and technologies for storing seed as well as produce. Predominant storage methods used in Uganda are single-layer woven polypropylene bags popularly called ‘kavera’ locally, chemical insecticides and granaries. Evidence from Omotilewa showed that the introduction of new storage technology called Purdue Improved Crop Storage could contribute to climate change adaptation. PICS is a chemical-free airtight triple-layered technology consisting of two high-density polyethylene inner liners and one outer layer of woven polypropylene bag. Its adoption has increased the number of households planting hybrid maize varieties that are more susceptible to insect pests in storage than traditional lower-yielding varieties. Such innovations could help to protect crops more safely and for longer periods from postharvest insect pests that are projected to increase as result of climate change, thus contributing to food security. In summary, increasing the resilience of the food system through agroecology and diversification is an effective way to achieve climate change adaptation . Diversification in the food system is a key adaptation strategy to reduce risks , implementation of integrated production systems at landscape scales, broad-based genetic resources, and heterogeneous diets . Sustainable Land Management of farming systems is important to address climate change while dealing with these daunting food security needs and the necessity to improve access to nutritious food to maintain healthy and active lives in Africa . SLM has functions beyond the production of food, such as delivery of water, protection against disease , the delivery of energy, fibre and building materials. This section assesses the large body of literature on food system adaptation to climate change, including increasing extreme events, within a framework of autonomous, incremental, and transformational adaptation. It focuses primarily on regional and local considerations and adaptation options for both the supply side and the demand side of the food system. Agroecological, social, and cultural contexts are considered throughout. Finally, the section assesses the role of institutional measures at global, regional , national, and local scales and capacity-building. Implications of climate change by on land-use, selected agricultural commodity prices, and the population at risk of hunger based
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