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insights and quantified dat which enriched and sharpened the policy options presented in the final report. The stakeholders agreed that it is necessary to reduce plastic marine litter from fishing and aquaculture. However, none of them was able to quantify the extent of plastic marine litter from fishing and aquaculture for European seas. fishing gear in a dedicated waste management cycle, including the potential re-use or recycling, with the advantages set out above. Without this next step however, the envisaged encouragement of fishers to return gear to shore under the measures set out under the PRF Directive may not yield maximum returns, because in a number of cases notably affecting the small scale fishing sector and smaller ports, the increased port fees may have an impact on the fishers. covering baseline growth rates for consumption of the different products, recycling assumptions, littering rates etc. For the SUPs considered here, the total tonnage of items ending up as litter is , tonnes, while the tonnage of items flushed sums to , tonnes. Of this , tonnes of items, the amount then entering the marine environment is calculated to be around , tonnes of SUP in the baseline option . Less than of plastic land litter ends up as plastic marine litter. The initiative is fully consistent with the overall objectives of EU waste policy and the EU waste hierarchy according to which waste prevention should be given the highest priority. The initiative serves the objectives of the EU’s Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive environmental protection and preservation of the internal market. The initiative is also in line with the provisions of the soon to Floral calgary flames nhl summer vacation hawaiian shirt be amended Waste Framework Directive notably on the prevention objective to halt the generation of marine litter and to the requirement to take measures to combat all types of litter. While in line with all the waste acquis, the initiative goes one step further and addresses the gap in the current legislation which lacks specific provisions for the most harmful items from a marine littering perspective . While item counts are opted for in this Impact Assessment, analysis was also undertaken to explore the data using weights, rather than counts. Doing so, plastic marine litter is dominated by a few heavy multi-use sources such as tyres, shoes, and car parts. Those items would require a different policy approach as some of it is related to negligence, and some rather to deliberate waste dumping in the se for which better enforcement of existing legislation would be the appropriate response. In the Netherlands, packaging producers already make a financial contribution towards litter prevention activities, via the Producer Responsibility Organisation Afvalfonds Verpakkingen.
This PRO, which is the single packaging PRO in the Netherlands, then provides funding to Stichting Nederland Schoon to undertake activities to prevent and address packaging litter, including by organising activities aimed at the Dutch publi schools, municipalities and businesses. It is understood that, Afvalfonds Verpakkingen provides financial support of .m per annum to Nederland Schoon . per inhabitant, which accounts for of the budget of Nederland Schoon. In Flanders, it is understood that producers pay . million annually to fund a national litter prevention programme . per inhabitant. Fost Plus , FEVIA and COMEOS , signed an “open agreement” with Flemish environment minister Joke Schauvliege to invest . million annually in the ht against litter. This does not appear to cover costs associated with managing litter, and the basis upon which this ure was agreed upon is not clear. In San Francisco, US the municipal authorities have implemented a scheme whereby the manufacturers of cigarettes pay the municipal authorities the relative cost of clean-up of dropped filters. In this case the proportion is by count, and so the companies pay this share of the total cost. Placing on the EU market of SUP items has increased rapidly over recent years. Whilst detailed production data is not available specifically for SUP , the preliminary analysis suggests that most of these are produced outside Europe. Europe’s positive trade balance in plastics and plastic products tends to be in higher added-value and more durable products. In about . of demand for plastic by EU plastics converters was for PET, which tends to be used for drinks bottles; about . was for PP which is used for food containers, sweet wrappers and caps . Nearly of EU plastics converters demand was related to packaging of all types. Feasible. San Francisco, for example, has implemented a scheme in which the fee for cigarette manufacturers includes a component for the costs relating to litter which is based on the proportion of cigarette butts in litter counts. Similar measures could be implemented for balloons and balloon sticks.
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