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agreement cannot require employees to join or maintain membership custom name baltimore orioles baseball shirt in the union in order to retain their jobs. Under a union-security agreement, individuals choosing to be dues-paying nonmembers

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These odd distinctions and somewhat inconsistent decisions are partly the result of a paucity of cases; there have simply been so few cases it is difficult to identify common judicial themes or approaches. custom name baltimore orioles baseball shirt The inconsistencies, however, illustrate a general judicial aversion to challenge the conduct of unions, even when the equivalent discriminatory conduct would be intolerable in other contexts. After employees choose a union as a bargaining representative, the employer and union are required to meet at reasonable times to bargain in good faith about wages, hours, vacation time, insurance, safety practices and other mandatory subjects. Some managerial decisions such as subcontracting, relocation, and other operational changes may not be mandatory subjects of bargaining,

but the employer must bargain about the decision’s effects on unit employees. Under a union-security agreement, individuals choosing to be dues-paying nonmembers may be required, as may employees who actually join the union, to pay full initiation fees and dues within a certain period of time (a “grace period”) after the collective-bargaining contract takes effect or after a new employee is hired. However, the most that can be required of nonmembers who inform the union that they object to the use of their payments for nonrepresentational purposes is that they pay their share of the union’s costs relating to representational activities . The Act permits, under certain conditions, a union and an employer to make an agreement, called a union-security agreement, that requires employees to make certain payments to the union in order to retain their jobs. A union-security agreement cannot require that applicants for employment be members of the union in order to be hired, and such an